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dictionnaire:the_morphology_of_classical_latin2 [2015/10/24 11:56] ollivier créée |
dictionnaire:the_morphology_of_classical_latin2 [2016/01/27 17:56] (Version actuelle) ollivier |
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| - | p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }span.MsoFootnoteReference { vertical-align: super; }span.NotedebasdepageCar { }span.traduction2 { }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; }div.WordSection1 { page: WordSection1; }. <html><p class="lestitres"> The morphology of classical Latin </p></html>\\ \\ \\ ----\\ \\ \\ ====== 2. ** | + | <html><p class="lestitres"> The morphology of classical Latin </p></html> |
| - | Concepts of morphology | + | |
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| + | ====== 2. Concepts of morphology ====== | ||
| - | If the minimal linguistic unit is really the morpheme, //i.e//. the minimal meaningful unit, or the minimal unit which has both contents and an expression, a signified and a signifier, as linguists say, the minimal analysis unit is actually for the linguist what we call the | ||
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| + | If the minimal linguistic unit is really the morpheme, //i.e//. the minimal meaningful unit, or the minimal unit which has both contents and an expression, a signified and a signifier, as linguists say, the minimal analysis unit is actually for the linguist what we call the | ||
| **morphological unit**, //i.e//. the class of the morphological segments, //i.e.// phonological segments which are independent from the environment. And these morphological units, alone or in combination, are used by the Latin language to form the signifier of its morphemes. | **morphological unit**, //i.e//. the class of the morphological segments, //i.e.// phonological segments which are independent from the environment. And these morphological units, alone or in combination, are used by the Latin language to form the signifier of its morphemes. | ||
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| - | The linguists try to classify the different allomorphs shown by a morpheme, and for that, they consider as the **basis form** the unmotivated form, which is then called unmarked form (or the primary form, according J. Kuryłowicz[[ | + | The linguists try to classify the different allomorphs shown by a morpheme, and for that, they consider as the **basis form** the unmotivated form, which is then called unmarked form (or the primary form, according J. Kuryłowicz((Kuryłowiz, Jerzy, 1949, "Le problème du classement des cas", in ://Biuletyn Polskiego Towarystwa Jezykoznawczego//, 9, 20-26-43.))). So, the signified “great” corresponds in Latin to three morphs //magn-, mag-// and //maj-//; //maj-// appears only in context of the comparative morpheme -//ior-// (//maior // “great-er”)//, // and //mag- // before the superlative morpheme -//sim-// (//maximus// “very great” or “the greatest”). Therefore //magn-us // is the basis form of this morpheme, since it appears in other contexts than these particular contexts. It is likely that /maj/ is not a phonological variant, but a morphological variant from /mag/ before /i/, and therefore it would be doubly motivated. As for the allomorph /mag/, it is phonetically realized like [mak] in //maximus//, because the phonological neutralization of voiced phonemes before an unvoiced /s/ or /t/. That can be technically formulated by the three following morphological rules: |
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| - | ]] ). So, the signified “great” corresponds in Latin to three morphs //magn-, mag-// and //maj-//; //maj-// appears only in context of the comparative morpheme -//ior-// (//maior // “great-er”)//, // and //mag- // before the superlative morpheme -//sim-// (//maximus// “very great” or “the greatest”). Therefore //magn-us // is the basis form of this morpheme, since it appears in other contexts than these particular contexts. It is likely that /maj/ is not a phonological variant, but a morphological variant from /mag/ before /i/, and therefore it would be doubly motivated. As for the allomorph /mag/, it is phonetically realized like [mak] in //maximus//, because the phonological neutralization of voiced phonemes before an unvoiced /s/ or /t/. That can be technically formulated by the three following morphological rules: | + | ^ | |/ mai/ / ─ [i] Comparative | |
| + | ^ | great → |/mag/ / ─ Superlative| | ||
| + | ^ | |/magn/| | ||
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| - | /mai/ **/** ─ | ||
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| - | [i] Comparative | ||
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| - | {great} | ||
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| - | /mag/ **/** ─ Superlative | ||
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| - | /magn/ | ||
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| - | [[ | ||
| - | [1] | ||
| - | ]] | + | |
| - | Kuryłowiz, Jerzy, 1949, "Le problème du classement des cas", in ://Biuletyn Polskiego Towarystwa Jezykoznawczego//, 9, 20-26-43. | + | |
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| + | [[:encyclopédie_linguistique:notions_linguistiques:morphologie:The morphology_of_classical Latin|Retour au plan]] ou | ||
| + | [[:dictionnaire: The morphology of classical latin3|Aller au § 3.]] | ||
